More Than Heartburn? What You Need to Know About GERD

Most people have experienced heartburn from time to time, especially after eating large meals or enjoying spicy Louisiana food. Occasional heartburn is common and is often no cause for concern. But, frequent heartburn, accompanied by other symptoms, and not effectively treated with OTC medication can be a sign of a chronic condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. GERD affects millions of Americans and significantly impacts the quality of life, especially when it comes to enjoying a meal. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious health complications.  

What is GERD? 

GERD occurs when stomach acid, food, or digestive fluid flows backwards into the esophagus, repeatedly, rather than flowing into the stomach. Normally, a ring of muscles called the lower esophageal sphincter acts as a doorway, opening when food is consumed and closing to keep stomach contents from moving back up into the esophagus. Essentially, this valve keeps stomach acid where it needs to be – in the stomach. However, when we overeat, the valve can stay open longer. When we eat spicy or irritating food, stomach acid can churn and make its way back up into the esophagus. This causes acid reflux or heartburn. 

When this muscle weakens or relaxes over time, chronic acid reflux can occur. Repeated exposure to stomach acid can irritate and damage the lining of the esophagus, leading to symptoms associated with GERD.  

Is it heartburn, acid reflux, or GERD? 

These terms are often used interchangeably, but they are different.  

Acid reflux is the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Heartburn is the burning sensation in the chest or throat that often results from acid reflux. GERD is a chronic medical condition in which acid reflux occurs frequently enough to cause symptoms, inflammation, or complications. Experiencing occasional heartburn doesn't necessarily mean you have GERD. However, frequent symptoms may warrant a discussion with your provider.  

Common symptoms of GERD include: 

• A burning sensation in the chest, especially after eating 
• Acid reflux or regurgitation of food or stomach acid into the throat or mouth 
• Chronic cough 
• Sore throat 
• Hoarseness or voice changes 
• Bad breath 
• Nausea 
• Chest discomfort 
• Upper abdominal pain 
• Trouble swallowing 
• A sensation of food getting stuck in the throat 
• Experiencing symptoms primarily at night. 

Anyone can develop GERD, but certain factors increase your risk, including: 

• Being overweight or obese 
• Smoking or tobacco use 
• Pregnancy 
• Eating large meals frequently 
• Consuming high-fat, spicy or acidic foods 
• Drinking alcohol regularly 
• Certain medications including some blood pressure medications, antidepressants, sedatives, and anti-inflammatory drugs. 

Understanding your risk can help you take steps to prevent symptoms from becoming worse.  

When Should You See a Doctor? 

Many people try to manage heartburn on their own with OTC medication. While these medications can provide relief, persistent symptoms should not be ignored. 

Talk to your healthcare provider if: 

• You need heartburn medication more than twice a week. 
• Symptoms continue despite OTC medication.  
• You have difficulty swallowing. 
• You experience chronic coughing, wheezing, or hoarseness. 
• You have unexplained weight loss. 
• You vomit blood. 
• You notice black or blood stools. 
• Chest discomfort is severe or persistent.  

Your provider may recommend further evaluation from a gastroenterologist, a physician who specializes in digestive disorders.  

Untreated GERD can lead to complications that extend beyond occasional discomfort after meals. Over time, chronic acid exposure can cause esophagitis, narrowing of the esophagus, swallowing disorder, chronic respiratory issues, asthma flare-ups, damage to tooth enamel, and Barret's esophagus. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of chronic, serious health complications.  

Don't Ignore Frequent Heartburn 

Heartburn may seem like a minor inconvenience, but frequent symptoms can signal a chronic health condition that requires medical attention. The earlier GERD is diagnosed and treated, the better chances of preventing long-term complications. If you are experiencing ongoing heartburn or other digestive issues, relief may be closer than you think. Talk to your healthcare provider.   

To learn more about the digestive health team and services provided at Lake Charles Memorial Health System, click here.  

References: 

American College of Gastroenterology 

Merck Manuals Online Medical Library 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 

American Academy of Family Physicians 

National Institutes of Health